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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Johann Bessler ： ウィキペディア英語版 Johann Bessler Johann Ernst Elias Bessler (''ca''. 1680 – November 30, 1745), known as Orffyreus or Orffyré, was a German entrepreneur who claimed to have built several perpetual motion machines. Those claims generated considerable interest and controversy among some of the leading natural philosophers of the day, including Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Johann Bernoulli, John Theophilus Desaguliers, and Willem 's Gravesande. The modern scientific consensus is that Bessler perpetrated a deliberate fraud, although the details of this have not been satisfactorily explained. ==Life and career== Bessler was born to a peasant family in Upper Lusatia, Germany, ''circa'' 1680.〔A contemporary source says that he was born in "Ullersdorff near Zittau" (today Oldrichov, Czech Republic) : "Bibliothèque Germanique ou Histoire littéraire de l'Allemagne, de la Suisse et des Pays du Nord", XXXIX, 1737, p. 15〕 He completed secondary schooling in Zittau and then travelled widely. An alchemist instructed him on the fabrication of elixirs and he found work as a healer. He was also an apprentice watchmaker until his fortunes improved when he married a wealthy woman in Annaberg. Bessler adopted the pseudonym "Orffyreus" by writing the letters of the alphabet in a circle and selecting the letters diametrically opposite to those of his surname (what would modernly be called a ROT13 cipher), thus obtaining ''Orffyre'', which he then Latinized into ''Orffyreus''.〔Rupert T. Gould, "Orffyreus's Wheel," in ''Oddities: A Book of Unexplained Facts'', revised ed., (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1944), pp. 89-116. Reprinted by Kessinger Pub Co., 2003, ISBN 978-0-7661-3620-5.〕 That was the name by which he was generally known thereafter. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johann Bessler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.